Publication Ethics

1. Duties and Responsibilities of Authors

• Originality and Plagiarism: Authors must ensure that submitted manuscripts are entirely original. Any ideas, words, or data derived from other works must be appropriately cited. Plagiarism in all its forms, including self-plagiarism and data fabrication, constitutes unethical behavior and is unacceptable.
• Multiple or Concurrent Submissions: Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently is unethical. Manuscripts under review at JCED must not be submitted elsewhere.
• Authorship of the Paper: Authorship must be limited to those who have made significant contributions to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the study. All significant co-authors must be listed, and all co-authors must approve the final version of the manuscript before submission.
• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Authors must disclose any financial or personal relationships that could be viewed as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of the research.
• Fundamental Errors in Published Works: If an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work, it is the author's obligation to promptly notify the journal editor and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

2. Duties and Responsibilities of Reviewers

• Contribution to Editorial Decisions: Reviewers assist editors in making editorial decisions and help authors improve the quality of their manuscripts through constructive, objective, and timely feedback.
• Confidentiality: Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others without authorization from the editor.
• Standards of Objectivity: Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.
• Acknowledgment of Sources: Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors and notify the editor of any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript and any other published data.
• Disclosure and Conflict of Interest: Reviewers must decline to review manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with any of the authors or institutions connected to the papers.

3. Duties and Responsibilities of Editors

• Publication Decisions: Editors are responsible for deciding which submitted articles should be published, based solely on the manuscript's academic merit, novelty, validity, and relevance to the journal’s scope.
• Fair Play and Impartiality: Editors evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
• Confidentiality: Editors and editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, and other editorial advisers.
• Double-Blind Integrity: Editors must ensure that the identities of both authors and reviewers remain anonymous throughout the peer-review workflow.
• Managing Conflicts of Interest: Editors must recuse themselves from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest.

4. Handling Allegations of Misconduct

JCED takes all allegations of research and publication misconduct seriously. In cases of suspected misconduct (such as plagiarism, data fabrication, redundant publication, or authorship disputes), the editorial board will follow the official COPE Flowcharts to investigate the matter. If misconduct is confirmed, corrective measures will be applied, ranging from rejection of the manuscript to formal retraction and institutional notification.